Empresas estatais, política industrial e inovação endógena no Made in China 2025

Abstract

This article analyzes the role of state-owned enterprises from the People's Republic of China (PRC) in carrying out technological upgrading of the Chinese accumulation pattern following the publication of the Made in China 2025 (MIC25) plan in 2015. The objective is to understand how these companies have operated in the country's indigenous technological innovation sector then. The main results are: 1) although private enterprises are responsible for the majority of patents in the PRC, state-owned enterprises, on average, invest more in research, innovate more and produce more patents per amount invested in research than private enterprises; 2) state-owned enterprises act indirectly as financiers of the efforts carried out by non-state-owned enterprises through the formation of government guidance funds for industry in strategic sectors of the Chinese economy. It is concluded that state-owned enterprises are a central instrument of industrial policy aimed at promoting indigenous innovation in key sectors and at carrying out the technological upgrading of the PRC economy.