The disruptive nature of artificial intelligence in the world of work

Abstract

This article aims to contribute to the debate on artificial intelligence in the world of work based on epistemological studies. Understanding the potential and limits of different disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, becomes essential for conducting a coherent discussion about the changes and transformations in the future of employ- ment, as well as about the effect (phenomenon) of artificial intelligence on the world of work from the perspective of the critical theory of technology. The methodology adopted involves bibliographic research that brings together contributions from authors linked to this theory, such as Andrew Feenberg, Maarten Verkerk, Cláudia Araújo, and Jerôni- mo Portes, and from scholars of artificial intelligence such as Lúcia Santaella and Dora Kaufman, while also establishing connections with the world of work through the con- tributions of Klaus Schwab, Kai-Fu Lee, and Chen Qiufan. Based on an analysis of the critical theory of technology, we identify that in professions with an asocial and creative profile, artificial intelligence plays an ambivalent role. On the one hand, it can automate repetitive tasks, enabling creative professionals to focus on more subjective and innova- tive aspects. On the other hand, it reinforces inequalities in precarious contexts marked by low labor protection and unstable income, where the absence of control, access, and regulation intensifies forms of dependence and exclusion. We are thus faced with a sym- biosis between human and artificial intelligence capabilities, characterizing a reconfigu- ration of work oriented toward integrated collaboration.