A dimensão conflitiva e as possibilidades do desenvolvimento tecnológico entre Marx e Gramsci

Abstract

The article analyzes the views on technological development in the works of Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci, based on their original texts and critical commentators, establishing parallels, continuities, and highlighting differences. The aim of the paper is to reinforce the connection between productive forces and social relations, which is fundamental in Marxian theory, to analise technological phenomenon and innovations, contrasting against non-dialectical perspectives. Through a literature review and comparison with contemporary interpretations, the article suggests an approximation between the two authors based mainly on two points: the first being their integral view of technical development, which approaches with the totality, and the second on the idea of the working class's potential to appropriate the technologies, as an open possibility that must come from the working class itself, conquering power and hegemony. In this way, the article sets up a confrontation against, on the one hand, deterministic views, and on the other, negative ones, that advocate for the perspective of a technological palingenesis.